Some element groups are easily identified as columns on the periodic table, but as you move across the table, the trends aren't so clear-cut. At the very least, the atomic number and atomic weight of each element will be displayed on a periodic table. Families in the periodic table. A typical periodic table is colored according to element groups, which are elements that share chemical and physical properties. Each square shows the chemical symbol of the element along with its name. Periodic table, in full periodic table of the elements, in chemistry, the organized array of all the chemical elements in order of increasing atomic number—i.e., the total number of protons in the atomic nucleus. For the element helium (shown above) the atomic number is two. Many chemists prefer and still use this method. The newer method uses the numbers 1 through 18. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nuclei of the atoms of a given element. The number on the very top is called the atomic number and it represents the number of protons in a single atom of the element. Members of the families (vertical columns) in the periodic table have similar properties. The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number (left to right, top to bottom). The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties appear in the same vertical column or group. A group is a vertical row on the periodic chart such as group 1, the alkali metals, group 2, the alkali earth metals, and the last group, group 18, the rare gases or noble gases. All of the members of a group have the same number of electrons in the outer energy level giving them similar chemical properties. For example, the Latin word for Gold is aurum; so the Periodic Table symbol Au comes from the first two letters of its Latin name.The symbol Hg represents Mercury on the table and comes from the Latin word hydragyrum, which translates from Latin as "liquid silver." Within these blocks are identifying numbers and letters. Most of the elements' abbreviations are derived from Greek and Latin, or other ancient origins. The families are labeled at the top of the columns in one of two ways: The older method uses Roman numerals and letters. Each element within the periodic table has its own block. The figure below shows the most commonly used form of the periodic table. Element helium ( shown above ) the atomic number is two from Greek and Latin, or other origins! A periodic table have similar properties ( vertical columns ) in the periodic table to right, top to ). Very least, the atomic number is the number of electrons in the of! 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