He observed a number of differences between electrical and magnetic behaviors, such as: He concluded that the two behaviors were unrelated. Gilbert’s story began in Colchester, Essex, where he was born in 1544. He proclaims: He attacks bunk spread by ancient sources such as Pliny and Ptolemy: Gilbert’s intention is to replace the errors made by theorizing philosophers with healthy facts sourced from his own experiments. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. In 1600, Gilbert published De Magnete. The grand aim of De Magnete – to take magnetism beyond the simple use of the compass to find north – was not as successful as Gilbert and Wright had hoped. The Alchemists have made a philosophy out of a few experiments of the furnace and Gilbert our countryman hath made a philosophy out of observations of the lodestone. The London instrument maker Robert Norman had already discovered in 1581 that a standard compass needle points at a certain dip, or inclination, below the horizontal, in addition to pointing roughly north and south. If you’d been around 800,000 years ago a compass would have pointed towards Antarctica rather than the Arctic. Il donne une liste de ces corps, et pour désigner la propriété qu'ils partagent avec l'ambre – elektron en grec – il forge l'adjectif électrique. interested in Gilbert's magnetic researches. The spheres were made of lodestone, a naturally magnetic mineral. [14], Gilbert died on 30 November 1603 in London. He seems to have been a busy man, working as a physician, carrying out a large number of experiments, and writing about natural philosophy. It was customary in the 1500s to regard experimentation as stepping on God’s toes; people believed man’s impudence in such matters could lead to divine retribution. Il façonne un gros aimant en forme de boule, la terrella, qui lui sert de modèle réduit de la terre. analogy. Despite the revolutionary nature of both of these works, Gilbert has in recent years sunk – quite unfairly we believe – into the footnotes of history. The English physician and physicist William Gilbert (1544-1603), an investigator of electrical and magnetic phenomena, is principally noted for his "Demagnete," one of the first scientific works based on observation and experiment. in 1569. Gilbert carried out many other experiments, including the study of spherical lodestones that were floated on water in small wooden boats. “Certainly he was the first to have the tenacity to work through a whole segment of physics methodically, appealing to experiment and reason throughout. William Gilbert (1544-1603) William Gilbert was born in Colchester, England, into a middle class family of some wealth. Gilbert acknowledged his debt to Peregrinus when he wrote his own masterpiece De Magnete. More importantly, he made the first clear Despite these subsequent setbacks, Gilbert’s navigational aims were endorsed by the mathematician Edward Wright in 1600 in his laudatory preface to De Magnete. Magnetism, in other words, caused the Earth’s Copernican diurnal rotation. Rod Wilson (see further reading) noted how remarkably clear-sighted Gilbert was when he deduced the cause of magnetism. William Gilbert: the first palaeomagnetist. 1959). N. A. M. Rodger He entered St. John's College, Cambridge, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Contrary to myth, he did not meet Galileo there: Galileo was under 10 years old at this time. Painting by Ernest Board. To detect the presence of static electric charge, Gilbert made the world’s first electroscope, which he called a versorium. William Gilbert (ou William Gylberde), né le 24 mai 1544, à Colchester, en Angleterre, mort de la peste bubonique le 30 novembre 1603 (10 décembre 1603 dans le calendrier grégorien), probablement à Londres est un savant et médecin anglais. Ainsi l'aimant n'attire que le fer, tandis que l'ambre attire des matériaux très divers. Europeans were making long voyages Four years later he began practicing in London. Even then, in our view, the core that remains still stands as the first great work of experimental physics. His marble wall monument can still be seen in this Saxon church, now deconsecrated and used as a café and market. The house in which William Gilbert was born in 1544 still stands in Colchester. [Gilbert] has himself become a magnet; that is, he has ascribed too many things to that force and built a ship out of a shell. In electrostatics Gilbert coined the word "electricity," greatly extended the number of known materials exhibiting electric attraction, and suggested that static electric attraction was due to a subtle electric effluvium emitted by electrified bodies. A unit of magnetomotive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the Gilbert in his honour. “One might well feel that Gilbert had invented the whole process of modern science rather than merely discovering the basic laws of magnetism and static electricity,” he writes. 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