Cramer, J. T., Stout, J. R., Culbertson, J. Y., and Egan, A. D. Effects of creatine supplementation and three days of resistance training on muscle strength, power output, and neuromuscular function. High levels of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia). View abstract. The fine print: See your doctor first if you have high blood pressure or diabetes, if you regularly take any prescription meds or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen (which can tax the kidneys), if you’re over age 40 (since kidney function slowly declines after age 30), or if you have a history of kidney or liver disease. Endocrine 2014;45(3):354-61. Exp Gerentol. J Nutr. View abstract. J.Strength.Cond.Res. (Paris) 2005;161(3):284-289. Creatine is likewise created in the laboratory. Creating supplementation and lower limb strength performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Creatine supplementation in fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Creatine and phosphocreatine analogs: anticancer activity and enzymatic analysis. A., Fink, W. J., Evans, W. J., and Trappe, T. A. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev 2007;(1):CD004760. Bazzucchi, I., Felici, F., and Sacchetti, M. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on neuromuscular function. Effect of low-dose, short-duration creatine supplementation on anaerobic exercise performance. Vilella AL, Limsuwat C, Williams DR, Seifert CF. View abstract. Fatigue. Havenetidis, K. and Bourdas, D. Creatine supplementation: effects on urinary excretion and anaerobic performance. Vnitr.Lek. Short-Term Creatine Supplementation May Alleviate the Malnutrition-Inflammation Score and Lean Body Mass Loss in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Syrotuik, D. G., Game, A. Grazioli I, Melzi G, and Strumia E. Multicenter controlled study of creatine phosphate in the treatment of heart failure. Effect of creatine on performance of militarily relevant tasks and soldier health. Weight gain 8. J.Strength.Cond.Res. View abstract. Neurosci.Res 2002;42(4):279-285. View abstract. FASEB J 1998;12:A652. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. View abstract. Lugaresi, R., Leme, M., de, Salles Painelli, V, Murai, I. H., Roschel, H., Sapienza, M. T., Lancha Junior, A. H., and Gualano, B. Prevost MC, Nelson AG, Morris GS. Cornelissen, V. A., Defoor, J. G., Stevens, A., Schepers, D., Hespel, P., Decramer, M., Mortelmans, L., Dobbels, F., Vanhaecke, J., Fagard, R. H., and Vanhees, L. Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Ensenauer, R., Thiel, T., Schwab, K. O., Tacke, U., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S., Schulze, A., Hennig, J., and Lehnert, W. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: differences of creatine uptake in human brain and muscle. View abstract. Creatine is similar to anabolic steroids. Int J Sport Nutr. Strozzi C, Bagni B, and Ferri A. Creatine phosphate in the treatment of chronic ischemic heart failure. Kendall, K. L., Smith, A. E., Graef, J. L., Fukuda, D. H., Moon, J. R., Beck, T. W., Cramer, J. T., and Stout, J. R. Effects of four weeks of high-intensity interval training and creatine supplementation on critical power and anaerobic working capacity in college-aged men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:654-8. Snow RJ, McKenna MJ, Selig SE, et al. View abstract. Vasc.Med. Does creatine cause you to lose weight when you stop it, or does it hurt your kidneys, like you may have heard? La fosfocreatina nell'infarto miocardico acuto: studio randomizzato multicentrico. Research suggests that taking creatine by mouth daily for 2 years does not improve muscle strength, coordination, or symptoms in people with Huntington's disease. Our product picks are editor-tested, expert-approved. Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, et al. However, analyses of this research show that creatine seems to modestly improve upper body strength and lower body strength in both younger and older adults. True. J Nutr Health Aging 2005;9(5):352-353. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med Sci. View abstract. 2010;317(1-2):25-30. J Athl.Train. Manabe S, Kurihara N, Wada O, et al. View abstract. Scand.J Med Sci.Sports 2001;11(2):96-102. Theodorou, A. S., Havenetidis, K., Zanker, C. L., O'Hara, J. P., King, R. F., Hood, C., Paradisis, G., and Cooke, C. B. Wang CC, Yang MT, Lu KH, Chan KH. Banerjee, B., Sharma, U., Balasubramanian, K., Kalaivani, M., Kalra, V., and Jagannathan, N. R. Effect of creatine monohydrate in improving cellular energetics and muscle strength in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled 31P MRS study. View abstract. 2001;33(1):61-68. As a result, ATP becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate). J Strength.Cond.Res 2003;17(1):26-33. Multiple sclerosis (MS). Bosboom, W., Vrancken, A. F., van den Berg, L. H., Wokke, J. H., and Iannaccone, S. T. Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Ross, R., Shanklin, M., Kang, J., and Faigenbaum, A. D. Effect of a pre-exercise energy supplement on the acute hormonal response to resistance exercise. View abstract. Lanhers C, Pereira B, Naughton G, et al. View abstract. View abstract. Poortmans JR, Auquier H, Renaut V, et al. Early research also shows that taking creatine by mouth daily for 6 months reduces amnesia following a traumatic brain injury in children. View abstract. Lancet 9-21-1996;348(9030):789-790. 2002;17(11):1978-1981. View abstract. Schedel, J. M., Tanaka, H., Kiyonaga, A., Shindo, M., and Schutz, Y. View abstract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. Johnston, A. P., Burke, D. G., MacNeil, L. G., and Candow, D. G. Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance. Available at: https://www.ncaa.org/2016-17-ncaa-banned-drugs-list. View abstract. Bodamer, O. Most people have about 50 percent fast-twitch fibers (responsible for sprinting and jumping) and 50 percent slow-twitch fibers (responsible for endurance exercise), says Peter Adhihetty, Ph.D., assistant professor in the department of applied physiology and kinesiology at the University of Florida in Gainesville. September 2013. But creatine does not seem to improve aerobic exercise capacity, pain, sleep, quality of life, or mental function in people with fibromyalgia. Int J Sports Med 1997;18:369-72.. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Athletic performance. View abstract. Smith, S. A., Montain, S. J., Matott, R. P., Zientara, G. P., Jolesz, F. A., and Fielding, R. A. Creatine supplementation and age influence muscle metabolism during exercise. Gosselink R, Spruit MA Troosters T et al. 2009;14(3):239-248. No acute effects of short-term creatine supplementation on muscle properties and sprint performance. A group of inherited disorders that cause muscle weakness and muscle loss (muscular dystrophy). View abstract. View abstract. Water retention 9. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. van Loon, L. J., Murphy, R., Oosterlaar, A. M., Cameron-Smith, D., Hargreaves, M., Wagenmakers, A. J., and Snow, R. Creatine supplementation increases glycogen storage but not GLUT-4 expression in human skeletal muscle. Collins J, Longhurst G, Roschel H, Gualano B. J Appl.Physiol 1999;86(3):840-844. View abstract. 2004;51(4):875-882. J Sports Sci 2010;28(1):67-74. View abstract. Muscle breakdown. Lopez, R. M., Casa, D. J., McDermott, B. P., Ganio, M. S., Armstrong, L. E., and Maresh, C. M. Does creatine supplementation hinder exercise heat tolerance or hydration status? It’s a combination of amino acids produced by the liver, kidney, and pancreas. “Creatine monohydrate is the exact compound that more than 95 percent of the studies used, so why take a chance on another compound from a safety and effectiveness perspective?” Tarnopolsky says. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:1662-3. Creatine seems to help improve rowing performance, jumping height, and soccer performance in athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004;14(4):443-460. View abstract. Bemben, M. G., Bemben, D. A., Loftiss, D. D., and Knehans, A. W. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football athletes. Myth. View abstract. Resistance training and co-supplementation with creatine and protein in older subjects with frailty. A randomized, double-blind, futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. Int J Sports Med 2001;22(1):76-80. Whitt, K. N., Ward, S. C., Deniz, K., Liu, L., Odin, J. 1996;58(5):914-922. Muscle-building supplement use and increased risk of testicular germ cell cancer in men from Connecticut and Massachusetts. Mol.Genet.Metab 2004;82(3):208-213. View abstract. Eckerson, J. M., Stout, J. R., Moore, G. A., Stone, N. J., Iwan, K. A., Gebauer, A. N., and Ginsberg, R. Effect of creatine phosphate supplementation on anaerobic working capacity and body weight after two and six days of loading in men and women. Exp Neurol 1999;157:142-9. View abstract. Sijens, P. E., Verbruggen, K. T., Meiners, L. C., Soorani-Lunsing, R. J., Rake, J. P., and Oudkerk, M. 1H chemical shift imaging of the brain in guanidino methyltransferase deficiency, a creatine deficiency syndrome; guanidinoacetate accumulation in the gray matter. Hyperthermia and dehydration-related deaths associated with rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers - North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November-December 1997. Devaraj S, Jialal I. Low-density lipoprotein postsecretory modification, monocyte function, and circulating adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macrovascular complications: the effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation. 2009;23(3):906-914. Pittas, G., Hazell, M. D., Simpson, E. J., and Greenhaff, P. L. Optimization of insulin-mediated creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans. View abstract. But people with 70 percent fast-twitch and 30 percent slow-twitch muscle will see even more results, he says. Semenovsky, M. L., Shumakov, V. I., Sharov, V. G., Mogilevsky, G. M., Asmolovsky, A. V., Makhotina, L. A., and Saks, V. A. van de Kamp, J. M., Pouwels, P. J., Aarsen, F. K., ten Hoopen, L. W., Knol, D. L., de Klerk, J. View abstract. Juhn MS, O'Kane JW, Vinci DM. View abstract. Taking lower doses of creatine daily for 6 months does not improve exercise capacity or heart failure symptoms in men. Rae, C., Digney, A. L., McEwan, S. R., and Bates, T. C. Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Rawson, E. S., Stec, M. J., Frederickson, S. J., and Miles, M. P. Low-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain. View abstract. View abstract. Schilling BK, Stone MH, Utter A, et al. Creatine supplementation - part I: performance, clinical chemistry, and muscle volume. Battini, R., Leuzzi, V., Carducci, C., Tosetti, M., Bianchi, M. C., Item, C. B., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S., and Cioni, G. Creatine depletion in a new case with AGAT deficiency: clinical and genetic study in a large pedigree. Sempere, A., Fons, C., Arias, A., Rodriguez-Pombo, P., Merinero, B., Alcaide, P., Capdevila, A., Ribes, A., Duque, R., Eiris, J., Poo, P., Fernandez-Alvarez, E., Campistol, J., and Artuch, R. [Cerebral creatine deficiency: first Spanish patients harbouring mutations in GAMT gene]. 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