China has had many foreign policies since the founding of the PRC in 1949. The response to these questions is that since 1949 Chinese foreign policy has reflected all of these contrasting features. country that has often been treated as a major global power having a 1949 and its perceived potential has been another salient and Another characteristic Chinese foreign policy has had in common with It is notable that by the late 1980s Beijing had not sought formal membership in several important international organizations representative of Third World interests: the Group of 77, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. China's relations with Western Europe grew rapidly in the 1970s, as more nations recognized China and diplomatic relations were established with the European Economic Community in 1975. IN THE 1980s CHINA pursued an independent foreign policy, formally �^o�������F�Jh-�9h �F"0�7���[Mh��Bַ�X傎d]��8��~��ƵZ�;���lE�D0�����y@�F]�7�c�$Zd)�P�{G��H2ʀ�{o�����!yGt������*`�LV�} �{�t�Oh X�YU҅X�T��7> �T+Dp���RB�̆K���!��Z/���VJ�DA�Zt�^��?l�`����9�q+e��It��w��C����)`Zf��%h�U0Q2�$�*q�}����VE� cI �c�$���\‰.c�mv�w�@�އ@I9A!_��ׇ8� ������Bgf�Ӵ���5�2� ����Ul�t�Ό From the perspective of Chinese nationalism, negotiating the return of both Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese sovereignty before the end of the twentieth century was undoubtedly one of the major foreign policy accomplishments of Chinese leaders in the late twentieth century. The Chinese businessmen are encouraged to cultivate social institutions in key markets. Below the department level were divisions, such as the United States Affairs Division under the Department of American and Oceanian Affairs. The need to react to what has happened or what may happen adds an element of unpredictability to foreign policy decision making, as has been the case at several crucial junctures in Chinese foreign relation since 1949. Since the early 1970s, the foreign affairs establishment has been rebuilt, and by the late 1980s, foreign affairs personnel were recruited from such specialized training programs as the ministry's Foreign Affairs College, College of International Relations, Beijing Foreign Languages Institute, and international studies departments at major universities. Affected by the confluence of a myriad of factors, including its historical legacy, worldview, nationalism, ideology, the decision-making process in Beijing, and the international situation, China's foreign relations have had a rich and varied development in the years since 1949. The Wilson Center provides a strictly nonpartisan space for the worlds of policymaking and scholarship to interact. Although these overtures did not lead to an immediate high-level breakthrough in Sino-Soviet relations, bilateral consultations appeared to gain momentum, and border talks were resumed in 1987.

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