Additionally, applicants may have to sit for admission tests or interviews, especially at top-tier institutions. Conversely, in the urban and more affluent Islamabad Capital Territory, merely 12 percent of children are not in school. For articulation between the different systems, the HEC recommends converting the old percentage grades to current letter grades as follows. All colleges must be recognized by the Pakistan Medical Commission (PMC) and must be affiliated with a degree-granting university. Currently the sixth most populous country in the world with 212 million people, Pakistan is characterized by one of the highest population growth rates worldwide outside of Africa. Given the complex and historically autonomous nature of religious education in the country, however, only time will tell if these reforms will take hold. %PDF-1.7 Given Pakistan’s political instability, weak economy, and the shortcomings of its higher education system, Pakistan is not a significant destination country for international students. Consider that Karachi is projected to become the third-largest city in the world with close to 32 million people by the middle of the century. 2014. There are seven groups or streams available in higher secondary education, including general, humanities, science, pre-medical, pre-engineering, medical technology, and home economics. In addition to affiliated colleges, there’s a smaller number of constituent colleges, also referred to as campuses, directly administered by the universities. While there can be considerable differences in school curricula between provinces, overall curriculum guidelines are determined by the MFEP. Both public and private HEIs are authorized to operate by the federal or provincial governments based on the approval by the HEC, an autonomous agency set up in 2002. Master’s degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0, GAT depending on the program. Introduction. However, since teachers are hired at the provincial and regional levels, current practices vary significantly, predicated primarily on teacher shortages and a lack of qualified candidates. This is due to a number of factors, including:  data capture methodology, data integrity, definitions of ‘international student,’ and/or types of mobility captured (credit, degree, etc.). through tangible improvements in country’s education. Estimates on the number of students enrolled in these schools vary greatly but range anywhere from 1.8 million to 3.5 million. World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, accessed February 2017, https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf. A minimum grade average of 50 percent or above (second division pass) is required by most institutions, but the threshold in more competitive disciplines like engineering and medicine is usually higher (at least 60 percent). Affiliated colleges, on the other hand, are regulated at the provincial level. While some variations in structure exist, the HEC has recently put forth overall guidelines for the implementation of a uniform semester system for HEIs. According to HEC statistics, only 21 percent of full-time faculty at Pakistani universities held a PhD in 2015. Compulsory subjects include Urdu, English, Islamic education (civics for non-Muslim students), and Pakistan studies along with both required and elective courses in the specific stream. The government of Prime Minster Imran Khan seeks to reduce the fragmentation and inequalities of Pakistan’s school system and create a modernized “uniform education system.” A National Curriculum Committee (NCC) has been tasked with coordinating standards between provinces and developing a Single National Curriculum (SNC) for school education—a project scheduled to be completed by October 2020 for grades 1 to 8, by December 2021 for grades 9 and 10, and by December 2022 for grades 11 and 12. Currently the sixth most populous country in the … National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC), Education in the United States of America, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32225370.pdf, https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_education, Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC); Intermediate Certificate; A Levels or other equivalent qualification, Awarded in primarily applied fields of study, Bachelor’s degree programs (with exemptions/transfer credit) in a related field of study. Only a small fraction of Pakistanis participate in upper-secondary education—merely about a quarter of students transition from grade 10 to grade 11. At least 18 credits coursework followed by research and dissertation. Since then, increased participation rates in elementary and secondary education, as well as the surging youth population growth of recent years, have led to a rapid expansion of the system. 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