Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. \quad\text{Total Revenues}&& \$16,120,000\\ Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. Required Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. \quad\text{Total Investments}& \$ 5,200,000 &\$ 3,200,000\\ The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. Channings 1819 Unitarian Christianity sermon, which outlined many of the core beliefs of the new American sect, such as a belief in human goodness and rejection of the Trinity, inspired many churches to adopt Unitarianism. (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. The ____________ refers to an area of New York that was so affected by the Second Great Awakening that there was no more fuel to burn for the fire of religion. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. Like the other evangelical movements of the Second Great Awakening, they stressed adult baptism as an important step to salvation. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. In particular, women played a large role in various aspects of reform. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. Moreover, her reports on jails also aided in the efforts to reform prisons. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. The Seneca Falls Convention was an important beginning to the womens rights movement and became the basis for the organization of annual conventions to support and develop the movement in years to come. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. Like the preachers of the revivals, the temperance movement reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. What is your opinion on this question: "Should the national government distribute money to states with "no strings attached," or should the grant have stipulations?" These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Turner was a literate, deeply religious man born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia. The Second Great Awakening swept through most of the country, but it took differing forms in the North and the South. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. Such music remained after the revival and itinerant preacher were long gone. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. Preferred Pace of Life Turner himself evaded capture for months. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. Over the course of two days, the delegates discussed the role of women in society and debated the issue of womens right to vote. KEY TERMS: 1. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ This page titled 13.3: American Antebellum Reform is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ Much of this burst of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. Participation in the temperance movement was much more socially acceptable than participation in the abolition or womens rights movement. A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. Gabriels Rebellion of 1800 grew in part out of a series of revival meetings in the area of Richmond, Virginia. American reformers also sought to implement school reform. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. 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to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope